Utilized for hypertension to manage blood pressure levels and support fluid excretion.
Mechanism of Action
Hydrochlorothiazide inhibits the sodium-chloride symporter in the distal convoluted tubule. This increases the excretion of sodium and water, reducing plasma volume and blood pressure.
Route of Administration
Oral
Onset Time
2 hours
Duration
6–12 hours
Contraindications
Anuria, Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, Severe renal impairment, Severe electrolyte depletion
Severe Adverse Events
Severe dehydration, Agranulocytosis, Renal failure — requires immediate medical attention
Common Side Effects
Dizziness, Headache, Dry mouth
Uncommon Side Effects
Hypokalemia, Hyperglycemia, Increased uric acid
Drug Interactions
Lithium, Digoxin, NSAIDs, Alcohol, Insulin
Pregnancy Safety Warnings
FDA Category B: No evidence of fetal risk. Breastfeeding: Excreted in milk; compatible with caution.
Age Restrictions
Safety and efficacy established in pediatric patients six months and older.
Information related to Hydrochlorothiazide is compiled and periodically reviewed with reference to established medical sources and prescribing guidance. Content is provided for general reference and should be confirmed with a registered healthcare professional before use.
