Utilized for glaucoma and altitude sickness to manage internal pressure and support fluid balance regulation.
Mechanism of Action
Acetazolamide inhibits the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. In the eye, this reduces the production of aqueous humor. In the kidneys, it promotes the excretion of bicarbonate, sodium, and potassium, leading to diuresis.
Route of Administration
Oral
Onset Time
1–2 hours
Duration
8–12 hours
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, Severe renal impairment, Severe hepatic impairment, Hypokalemia, Hyponatremia
Severe Adverse Events
Agranulocytosis, Aplastic anemia, Stevens-johnson syndrome — requires immediate medical attention
Common Side Effects
Paresthesia, Nausea, Fatigue
Uncommon Side Effects
Polyuria, Metabolic acidosis, Tinnitus
Drug Interactions
Aspirin, Lithium, Digoxin, Alcohol, Warfarin
Pregnancy Safety Warnings
FDA Category C: Use only if potential benefit outweighs risk. Breastfeeding: Compatible with caution.
Age Restrictions
Safety and efficacy established in pediatric patients for specific conditions.
Information related to Acetazolamide is compiled and periodically reviewed with reference to established medical sources and prescribing guidance. Content is provided for general reference and should be confirmed with a registered healthcare professional before use.
